Universidad Médica Pinareña is a peer-reviewed, open access electronic journal, edited at the University of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río, which follows a continuous publication model (one volume per year). It is aimed at students and health professionals or those related to it. Its purpose is to satisfy the need to socialize scientific information in health sciences or related to them, resulting from research and other relevant activities in the development of public health. Authors may publish editorials, letters to the editor, original articles, review articles, case presentations, brief communications and any other information that is relevant and important for the development of scientific activity. There is no charge for processing or publication of articles, and all content is accessible and protected under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
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Comportamiento de las infecciones intrahospitalarias en la especialidad de ginec/obs a nivel mundial y su comparación con Cuba, año 2023
Introducción: Las infecciones intrahospitalarias en la especialidad de ginecobstetricia representan una amenaza grave para las pacientes: las infecciones, las hemorragias y los trastornos hipertensivos, son las tres causas más frecuentes de muerte materna. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de las infecciones intrahospitalarias en las especialidad de Ginecobstetricia a nivel mundial y su comparación con Cuba, año 2023. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tiporevisión bibliográfica que contó con un total de15bibliografías consultadas, las cuales fueron citadas a lo largo del trabajo. Desarrollo: Las IN en los hospitales o en los servicios de ginecoobstetricia representan un grave problema, tanto para las pacientes como para las instituciones que las atienden. En el caso de las primeras, aumentan la morbilidad y la mortalidad, se prolonga la estancia hospitalaria y están sometidas a procedimientos que definitivamente incrementan su sufrimiento. En cuanto a las instituciones, las IN significan un incremento considerable de los costos y, por otra parte, son indicadores de la calidad de la atención que se brinda. Conclusiones: Las infecciones intrahosoitalarias en los servicios de ginecobstetricia han sido un desafío para las instituciones sanitarias a nivel mundial, apestar de los esfuerzos que estás instituiciones hacen cada día para prevenir, su prevalencia sigue teniendo cifras que merecen atención y estrategias para seguir mejorando. Cuba no es excepción en esta problemática, sumándose la situación económica del país lo que conlleva la falta de aseguramiento de recursos necesarios para el control total de este problema de salud pública.
Copyright (c) 2025 El autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of dental caries on quality of life in older adults: an analysis based on the scientific literature
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent multifactorial pathologies in the adult population, with repercussions that go beyond the structural deterioration of teeth. Its impact is manifested both physically, due to pain and associated infections, and psychologically and socially, affecting self-esteem, oral function, and interaction with the environment. In this context, the present study aimed to examine the influence of dental caries on the quality of life of adults through a comprehensive literature review, emphasizing the importance of oral health education and promotion. For the development of this review, a qualitative approach with a descriptive scope was adopted, using high-impact scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect. The study selection was carried out using the PRISMA methodology, ensuring the inclusion of relevant research. Twelve articles were identified that used assessment tools such as the GOHAI, OHIP-14, OHRQoL, and EQ-5D-5L, which allow for the analysis of subjective perceptions of oral health. The findings confirm that dental caries significantly affects quality of life, highlighting its influence on physical well-being, emotional stability, and social integration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Francisco Mayorga Pico, Edison Samuel Haro Pujos, Israel Alexander Villafuerte Montero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk factors for chronic subdural hematoma: a focus on male predisposition
Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma is the accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid, usually appearing 2 to 3 weeks after cranial trauma. Its incidence is higher in older adults and male patients. Early diagnosis is crucial, as timely neurosurgical treatment greatly improves functional prognosis and reduces mortality from this condition. Objective: To characterize the risk factors associated with the higher incidence of chronic subdural hematoma in the male population. Methods: A literature review was conducted in the SciELO, SCOPUS, and PubMed databases using the terms "chronic subdural hematoma" and "risk factors." Of the 56 references consulted, 41 were selected and included. Development: Chronic subdural hematoma is favored by conditions such as cerebral atrophy, alcoholism, the use of antithrombotic agents, and cranioencephalic trauma. The interaction of these elements explains the higher incidence in men, with a 3:1 ratio compared to women. Although iatrogenic causes are not sex-related, they are preventable through precise neurosurgical techniques. Conclusions: Due to factors such as population aging, chronic subdural hematoma may become the most frequent neurosurgical pathology in the coming years. Its higher incidence in male patients is attributable to modifiable multifactorial causes rather than to an inherent biological predisposition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shania Naranjo Lima, Adriel Herrero Díaz, Yonathan Estrada Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applications and effects of stetrol in gynecological practice
This study covers information on estetrol (E4), an endogenous estrogen synthesized exclusively by the fetal liver during gestation, reaching significant concentrations in the maternal circulation through placental exchange. Its recent laboratory synthesis has sparked renewed interest in gynecological research, given its high bioavailability and long half-life when administered orally to women. Preclinical research has shown that estetrol exhibits selective affinity for estrogen receptors, with preference for the ERα subtype, thus differentiating it from ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol. Furthermore, it has been determined that it does not interact with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), thereby preventing stimulation of its production. Studies in animal models have shown that estetrol exerts estrogenic effects on key organs such as the vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and cardiovascular system, without inducing endometrial proliferation, suggesting a promising safety profile. These characteristics have prompted clinical research to evaluate its therapeutic potential in gynecological conditions, including contraception and hormone therapy. However, the exact physiological role of estetrol in human fetal development remains under study and requires further scientific exploration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sylvia del Pilar Nuñez Arroba, Daniela Monserrath Ocaña Viera , Ariana Nicole Erazo Mesías , Michelle Patricia Sanisaca Lema https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Gustavo López Barrionuevo, Karen Aracelly Tobar Armendáriz, María José Guzmán-Chango , Janela Alejandra Campaña Bustamante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Survival at what cost? Redefining quality of life at the crossroads of tumor lysis syndrome and curative therapy
Introduction: Tumor lysis syndrome is an iatrogenic and potentially fatal metabolic emergency triggered by the massive death of tumor cells due to effective oncologic therapies. Its incidence is heterogeneous, with mortality reaching up to 79 % in acute myeloid leukemia, and it has reemerged with the introduction of new therapies such as venetoclax and immunotherapies, raising ethical dilemmas about the balance between cure and risk. Objective: To describe the ethical dilemmas that arise at the intersection between oncologic cure and tumor lysis syndrome. Methods: A literature review was conducted from September to October 2025 in SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty-four references published between 2020–2025 were included, focusing on tumor lysis syndrome, its ethical dilemmas, harms, and therapeutic conflicts. Studies that did not clarify the severity and fatality of the syndrome or its bioethical aspects in these vulnerable patients were excluded. Development: Tumor lysis syndrome represents a paradox in which therapeutic efficacy can precipitate severe complications, including acute renal failure and metabolic disturbances. Ethical conflicts were identified in patient autonomy, disparities in access to optimal prophylaxis, and emerging complications from preventive treatments. Conclusions: Tumor lysis syndrome encapsulates a fundamental dilemma in modern oncology, where the pursuit of remission may compromise both quality of life and survival. It is concluded that it is imperative to develop management strategies based on individualized risk stratification, early incorporation of palliative care, and shared decision-making that prioritize both survival and quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Grabiel Correa Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Watson's Theory of Human Caring Approach to Surgical Care: Ethical and Empathic Impact Analysis
This study analyzes the application of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring in surgical care, highlighting its influence on care quality from an ethical and empathetic perspective. The theory emphasizes the humanization of care, promoting dignity, emotional well-being, and patient safety in the pre- and postoperative context. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used, allowing for exploration of nursing professionals' and patients' perceptions of its implementation. Documentary analysis, inductive-deductive, and analytical-synthetic methods were used to evaluate its effectiveness. The results indicate that the application of this theory improves patient satisfaction, reduces postoperative complaints, and reinforces the ethical commitment of healthcare personnel. However, its effectiveness varies by context, requiring continuous adaptation and evaluation to optimize its impact on surgical practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nairovys Gómez Martínez, Katherine Edith Junia Tituaña, Jennifer Estefanía Mejía Tene, Carla Abigail Tirado Cunalata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of proteins in tissue repair and regeneration in dentistry: Biological mechanisms and therapeutic applications
Proteins play a fundamental role in dental tissue repair and regeneration, contributing to injury healing, alveolar bone restoration, and the development of new therapeutic strategies in oral tissue engineering. Among these proteins, growth factors and bioactive agents have proven crucial in regulating cellular responses and enhancing bone and periodontal regeneration. This review focuses on the biological processes through which proteins affect dental tissue healing and regeneration, examining their role in dental procedures such as tooth extractions, bone grafting, and dental implants. The effect of both endogenous and externally applied proteins will be examined, assessing their influence on regeneration and the enhancement of regenerative dentistry treatments. The purpose of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic applications of these proteins in dentistry, investigating their ability to optimize clinical outcomes, accelerate tissue regeneration, and contribute to the development of sophisticated biomaterials for tissue reconstruction in the dental sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mónica Viviana Moscoso Silva , Washington Paúl Culqui Molina , Daisy Lisbeth Toalombo Curichumbi , Estefani Mishell Gallegos Rueda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bibliographic Review on Nursing Interventions for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Post-cesarean Adolescents
Surgical site infections (SSIs) in post-cesarean adolescents are one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, with the risk of colonization by pathogens influenced by both internal and external factors. This study aims to systematize nursing interventions to prevent infections in this group of patients. A qualitative and descriptive methodology was used, based on a literature review in scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect. From an initial sample of 6,600 articles, 28 were selected for analysis. The findings revealed that the high incidence of post-cesarean infections is linked to the lack of adequate preventive measures and poor quality of care. Key strategies to prevent these infections include the prophylactic use of antibiotics, correct surgical techniques, reduction of surgical time, vaginal douching, early mobilization, and adequate wound cleansing. In conclusion, it is essential that health centers implement specific care protocols to ensure effective prevention of surgical site infections in post-cesarean adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nairovys Gómez Martínez , Erick Alejandro Durán Moya , Flor Belén Tipán Villa, Tania Johanna Muñoz Díaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bioethical considerations on organ donation and transplantation
Introduction: organ donation and transplantation is a crucial process in the field of medicine that saves lives and improves the quality of life of many people. Objective: to present some considerations on bioethical dilemmas in organ donation and transplantation. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out by consulting scientific articles in both English and Spanish related to the subject in: Google Scholar, Dialnet, SciELO, PubMed and Ebso after which 53 articles were located, 30 that were not relevant to the objective were excluded. Result: bioethical dilemmas in organ donation and transplantation include respecting donor autonomy and consent, ensuring equity in access, avoiding illegal commercialization, establishing fair selection criteria, determining brain death and risks for living donors. These challenges require a balance between ethical principles, legal and cultural considerations. It is crucial to develop practices and regulations that promote safe and fair donation, prioritizing the welfare of donors and recipients and avoiding abusive practices. Conclusions: the bioethical dilemmas surrounding organ donation and transplantation are complex and multifaceted. It is essential to strike a balance between the ethical principles of respect for autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence.
Copyright (c) 2025 El autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra
Contraceptives hormonal contraceptives and migraine: evidence and risks
The present study analyzed the relationship of combined hormonal contraceptive (HA) use and migraine, emphasizing the threat of stroke in patients with this preexisting pathology. The results suggest that the use of combined hormonal contraceptives increases the threat of stroke in women with migraine, especially in those with migraine with aura (MA). Although some studies suggest that certain contraceptives may alleviate migraine symptoms, the evidence is limited and new studies are needed to confirm these findings. A retrospective search of scientific articles was conducted between February and March 2024, using DeCS and academic search engines. Twelve articles, which met specific inclusion criteria, were chosen after an independent selection process by the coauthors and final consensus.
Alcoholic hepatology: Advances in understanding the cellular response to stress and hepatic lysis
Introduction: alcoholic hepatology is a field of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases caused by excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption. Objective: epidemiologists should see what is the main problem that affects the population where it is also responsible for disseminating the means and preventive measures to prevent alcohol consumption harm in people's lives. Methods: the present research is qualitative because qualitative methods are applied for the collection of information. It is descriptive in scope because it will characterize the importance of early detection of alcoholic liver disease. It is applied because it will provide the doctor Hepatologist Juan José Suárez Martínez of the Hospital Metropolitano de Quito. Results: in recent years, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the cellular response to stress in alcoholic hepatology. Alcohol-related liver disease is the most common cause of advanced liver disease and cirrhosis. According to the World Health Organization, the proportion of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis is 73,8 % in men and 56,3 % in women, which include steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions: hepatic pathology can manifest in different forms, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, among others.
Bibliometric analysis of articles on Microbiology diagnostic means published in the Cuban Journal of Tropical Medicine
Introduction: bibliometric analysis constitutes an innovative and efficient science that in recent years has gained wide acceptance by the scientific community. It is equipped with multiple tools and metric indicators whose fundamental premise is to contribute to the improvement of scientific production. Objective: to characterize the articles on diagnostic means of Microbiology and medical parasitology published in the Cuban Journal of Tropical Medicine. Methods: observational, descriptive, bibliometric study of articles related to Microbiology and medical parasitology published in the Cuban Journal of Tropical Medicine between January 2022 and April 2023. The universe was made up of 28 articles, where reference is made to the diagnosis of microorganisms using laboratory methods of Microbiology and medical parasitology. Results: multiple authorship predominated (96,42 %), where articles signed by 5 (17,85 %) authors were more frequent. Regarding origin, 67,88 % of the authors were Cuban. A greater number of original articles was found (18) and the general Price index was 0,44. The preferred method in these investigations was the prospective descriptive study (26,1 %). Conclusions: the scientific production of articles related to diagnostic means of Microbiology and medical parasitology in the Cuban Journal of Tropical Medicine was characterized by being low. The original article was the typology that showed the greatest predominance due to its high impact on the scientific community, while co-authorship was more common as it increases its visibility.
Mecanismos Celulares involucrados en la toxicidad de la cocaína y su relación con la hepatología
La cocaína es una droga de consumo predominante que pertenece al grupo de los psicoestimulantes junto con las anfetaminas, y ha sido reconocida como uno de los ejemplos más significativos de abuso de drogas. El abuso de cocaína puede provocar efectos tóxicos graves, como neurotoxicidad, cardiotoxicidad y hepatotoxicidad. Existen numerosos datos, tanto experimentales como clínicos, sobre sus efectos hepatotóxicos, asociados al daño oxidativo inducido por la peroxidación lipídica. Se cree que el metabolismo oxidativo de la cocaína a especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), como el peróxido de nitrógeno y los radicales aniónicos superóxido, es responsable de la lesión hepática asociada a la cocaína; El abuso prolongado de cocaína se asocia con importantes efectos adversos en diversos sistemas, incluidos el cardiovascular, el sistema nervioso central, el muscular y otros sistemas que tienen un alto grado de gravedad; La cocaína tiene un potente efecto vasoconstrictor que disminuye el flujo sanguíneo hepático.
Copyright (c) 2025 Livia Nayely Torres Erazo , Allison Brighyth Mero Herrera , Alvaro Paúl Moina Veloz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hambre en México: análisis del éxito de los programas y políticas para su erradicación
El hambre es una condición en la que las personas no tienen acceso a alimentos suficientes, seguros y nutritivos para satisfacer sus necesidades alimentarias. Existe una urgencia y gravedad en cuanto a la situación alimentaria en México, debido a que 25,6 millones de personas están viviendo en pobreza alimentaria. Las políticas, programas y estrategias implementadas en México no han abordado efectivamente el problema del hambre, alineándose con hallazgos de investigaciones previas. Se destaca la necesidad de una evaluación más exhaustiva de las políticas implementadas para combatir el hambre en el país.
Biomarcadores de síndrome metabólico: Integración de marcadores moleculares en el dignóstico y la estratificación de riesgos
El síndrome metabólico hace referencia al grupo de factores de riesgo para una enfermedad cardíaca y otras enfermedades y problemas de salud como la diabetes, los pacientes que padecen de este síndrome suelen verse aquejadas por sobrepeso, obesidad, inactividad física, resistencia a la insulina, la edad y hasta cierto punto por el género; de hecho, la organización mundial de la salud indicó que a inicios del siglo XXI ya se observaba el crecimiento de las cifras de fallecidos a causa de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares que se relacionaron directamente con el padecimiento del Síndrome Metabólico
Copyright (c) 2025 Elian Andre Montenegro-Pérez, Alvaro Paúl Moina-Veloz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efectivity of Neural Therapy in woman with lumbosacral pain. Case-control estudies
Introduction: sciatica is an important medical problem worldwide. There is a little research on the use of Neural Therapy as a means of treatment for sciatica, so it is important that health personnel know about this technique. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of neural therapy in the relief of acute lumbosacral pain. Methods: a prospective, analytical, observational, case-control study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of neural therapy in the relief of acute lumbosacral pain in women. The sample consisted of 140 patients attended at the Pain Clinic of the Celia Sanchez Manduley Provincial Hospital in the period from June 2022 to September 2024. Results: the predominant age range was 50-60 in 20,72 % of the patients. Arterial hypertension was the most frequent comorbid disease in 24,28 %. Severe systemic disease was present in 56,43 % of the patients. After treatment 92,85 % were pain free in group I compared to 42,86 % pain free in group II. After treatment, 92,85 % presented mobility without limitations in group I compared to 50 % who did not present mobility limitations in group II. Conclusions: Neural therapy was more effective in the treatment of acute lumbosacral pain than conventional treatment, with a decrease in pain and recovery of mobility.
Learning Needs of Nursing Professors for the Developmental Teaching of Human Morphology
Introduction: the subject Human Morphology constitutes the biological foundation of the human body, enabling students to develop the necessary skills to carry out the Nursing Care Process. The teaching–learning process of this subject is assumed by professors from the department of the profession; however, difficulties have been identified that interfere with the students’ developmental learning. Objective: to determine the learning needs of a group of Nursing professors for the developmental teaching of Human Morphology. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of Nursing professors from the Victoria de Girón Faculty during the 2022–2023 academic year. Information was obtained through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using summary measures. Results: despite the professors’ extensive professional and teaching experience, 57,1 % showed an insufficient level of knowledge regarding the developmental teaching approach. All professors (100 %) reported not having received didactic training to teach Human Morphology with a developmental approach. Only 21,4 % indicated having participated in methodological preparations where the topic was addressed in some way. All professors (100 %) expressed the need to receive postgraduate courses on the developmental approach applied to the subject of Human Morphology. Conclusions: the identified learning needs allow for the design of strategies in line with current trends in medical education and the biomedical basic sciences.
Metric of the articles on surgery cardiovascular published in the magazine cuban of cardiology and surgery cardiovascular of 2020-2023
Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of global morbidity and mortality, so research serves as instruments to analyze and mitigate the exponential increase in these diseases. Objective: to characterize the articles on cardiovascular surgery published in the Cuban Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery from 2020 to 2023. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, bibliometric study was carried out between 2020 and 2023. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling was applied and the 40 articles published in the period by the Cuban Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery were selected. The variables analyzed were: referring to the year of publication, sex of the first author, bibliographic references. Statistical processing involved calculation of absolute, percentage and average frequency statisticians. Different bibliometric indicators were analyzed. Results: 40 articles were published between 2020 and 2023 with 926 bibliographic references and an average density of 0,08. There was a predominance of original articles (n=20) with 26 citations accumulated. The Letters to the Editor were works that included the most recent information with a Price Index of 0,44. Only 9,50 % of the references were national. All works were of multiple authorship and the male sex predominated in 77,50 % of the first authors. Conclusions: in 2021, the largest number of articles was published with a predominance of original articles. Multiple authorship was the one that prevailed along with the male sex. There was a marked international influence and a low degree of updating in the publications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Manuel Abreu Pereira, Ilian Esteban Tarife Romero, Leyanis Gónzalez-Baigorría, Adriel Herrero-Díaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ontogeny of B lymphocytes. Conceptual map
Introduction: the conceptual map is a graphic representation that facilitates the organization of knowledge, allowing the visualization of the relationships between ideas and concepts in a way that is easily understood. The study of the ontogeny of B lymphocytes is difficult for students to understand. The use of teaching materials facilitates the understanding of the content in a more accessible way. Objective: to create a conceptual map for the study of the ontogeny of B lymphocytes in the subject of Blood and Immune System taught in the second year of the Medicine degree Methods: a technological innovation type research was carried out with the objective endorsed by professors and residents of the Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology and two Doctors of Science. The verification of said study was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine No. 1 of the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba in 293 second-year students of the degree. Results: once the product was applied, 86.35% (n=253) of the study participants increased their level of knowledge about ontogeny B; in addition, 100% of the participants reported understanding the product and feeling motivated regarding the subject. 100% of the specialists considered that the product has practical utility. Conclusions: the conceptual map “Ontogeny B” was created, and during the verification process it was demonstrated that the level of knowledge about the ontogeny process of B lymphocytes in medical students had increased.
Conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos de los estudiantes de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, Ambato sobre el autocuidado de la salud bucal
Introducción: La salud dental es el componente más importante de la salud humana individual, depende del estilo de vida y nivel de cultura, está asegurada por la calidad de la higiene bucal personal, componente principal de la prevención de enfermedades dentales Objetivo: analizar actitudes, comportamientos y prácticas de los estudiantes de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, Ambato hacia el autocuidado de su salud bucal aplicando el test de Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI), aceptado y validado internacionalmente Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional de corte transversal y descriptivo; ya que se examinaron los criterios que se definen en el Inventario de Comportamiento Dental de la Universidad de Hiroshima para que sean aplicados en la población de estudio por una sola vez con el fin de medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre el autocuidado de la salud bucodental. Resultados: en cuanto a edad, el grupo más frecuente fue el de 18 a 21 años con 81 estudiantes (61,36 %) con una media en edad de 19,5; seguido del grupo de edad 22 a 25 años con 34 estudiantes (26,76 %); 10 estudiantes entre 26 a 29 años (7,58 %) y finalmente 7 estudiantes con edades entre los 30 años en adelante (5,3 %). Teniendo en cuenta el sexo el femenino fue el más común. Conclusiones: se determinó que en función del sexo el índice HU-DBI presenta un promedio de 6,4±1,58 en hombres y 6,4±2,00 en mujeres y que además el sexo no está relacionado con las actitudes, comportamientos y conductas en salud oral, por otro lado, se determinó que el rango de edad de 22 – 25 años presenta un promedio de HU-DBI de 6,5±1,60 siendo este más alto que en los otros rangos de edad
Samantha de los Ángeles Vásquez-Barberán
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of the most commonly used treatments for oral leukoplakia
Introduction: oral leukoplakia is a common premalignant condition in the oral cavity that can progress to oral cancer. In this study we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple investigations. Objective: to compare the effectiveness and safety of the most common treatments for oral leukoplakia, a premalignant condition in the oral cavity that can develop into cancer. Methods: different types of retrospective, prospective, systematic review, randomized controlled clinical trials and case reports were included. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The treatments evaluated were CO2 laser, recombinant adenovirus p53 (rAD-p53) therapy, photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and toluidine blue, carbon dioxide laser, indium gallium arsenide diode laser, and nivolumab. Results showed variability in response to treatment, with success rates ranging from 36 % to 100 %. Results: the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that commonly used treatments for oral leukoplakia show variability in their effectiveness. Photodynamic therapy and CO2 laser appear to be effective options, although further research is needed to confirm these findings. Conclusions: It is important to consider that the response to treatment may vary in each patient and lesion, so individualized evaluation is recommended to determine the best therapeutic option.
Physicians' knowledge of and attitudes toward ordering laboratory tests
Introduction: it is a reality today that 70 % of the decisions made by the physician in relation to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases are based on laboratory results. The role of the physician in the laboratory has an impact on the pre-analytical phase, which is where more than 70 % of the errors that occur in the laboratory are found. Objective: during the present study, we evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of physicians regarding the request for laboratory tests. Methods: an exploratory, quantitative research study was conducted. A total of 66 physicians completed the questionnaire, and the variable studied was the “attitude of health professionals towards the indications for a laboratory examination”. More than half of the participants (n=38; 57,6 %) had a proactive attitude, and the rest had a passive attitude. Results: it was found that there is a passive attitude towards the request for laboratory tests in 42,4 % of the physicians surveyed, in the literature there were no similar studies that evaluate this finding, many of the studies found evaluate pre-analytical variables that occur within the laboratory). Conclusions: more studies are needed to assess the impact of physicians' knowledge and attitudes towards requesting examinations.
Motional consequences of diabetes in the work environment of teachers and administrative staff of UNIANDES Quevedo
This study addresses the emotional dimension of diabetes in the work context of teachers at UNIANDES Quevedo. Although the emotional impact of this disease has historically been underestimated, its diagnosis leads to significant changes in the lifestyle of administrative and teaching staff, and may generate additional complications if not properly accepted. This lack of acceptance may increase the incidence of problems, which underscores the need for psychological interventions. The research was carried out by means of a qualitative-quantitative methodology, using inductive, descriptive, scientific and hypothetical-deductive methods. Several techniques and instruments were applied, such as psychological tests, surveys and analysis of clinical histories, to collect accurate data. The sample included 40 teachers and 23 administrative staff of UNIANDES Quevedo Extension. The findings of this study shed light on the emotional implications of diabetes in the specific work environment of this institution, thus providing a solid empirical basis for future interventions and policies to support affected employees.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders: a valuable tool for the general practitioner
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is a reference text for specialists in Psychiatry; however, its use has increasingly expanded among primary health care professionals. An analysis is conducted of the chapters of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and their practical application to mental health problems managed by the general practitioner, taking into account their levels of intervention. Reference is also made to the most significant elements that this book provides for the general practitioner.
La Agenda 2030 y el rol de las Universidades de Ciencias Médicas
Cutaneous melanoma in a pediatric patient. Case report
Introduction: Skin cancer is a disease in which malignant cells form in the skin tissues. Among these is melanoma, which is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, cells that produce the pigment melanin. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 9-year-old male patient, white, with no apparent personal or family pathologic history, who comes to the medical center with his mother due to the appearance of a lesion on the skin of the right leg. The mother reports that the lesion has been growing slowly over the last few months and that in the last few days she has noticed a change in its coloration. Conclusions: melanoma is an uncommon type of skin cancer in children, but its incidence has been increasing in recent years, so it is important to be aware of any change in pigmented skin lesions and to go to the doctor if there is any suspicion, as early diagnosis is key to a good prognosis and adequate treatment.