Update on clinical, epidemiologic and diagnostic aspects of prostatitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7884789Keywords:
Prostatitis, Pelvic Pain, Prostate, Men.Abstract
Introduction: prostatitis is the third most important prostate disease, frequent in men under 50 years of age.
Objective: to characterize prostatitis clinically and epidemiologically.
Methods: a narrative review of the available literature was carried out using synthetic and historical-logical analytical methods by means of articles retrieved from databases such as SciELO - Medline (PubMed) - Medline Plus - Elsevier - Wiley - Scopus - Redalyc. A total of 34 references addressing the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of the subject in question were selected.
Results: it should be studied exhaustively in order to achieve a correct diagnosis and treatment which will contribute to improve the patient's quality of life. Bacterial chronic prostatitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome are the most frequent pathologies in men; however, they are the most difficult to treat. It usually appears in young adults or middle-aged men. It is the most frequent urinary tract infection in men between the second and fourth decades of life. It comprises a group of syndromes, diseases and functional disorders affecting the prostate or perineal area with similar symptomatology and with an etiology in some cases unknown.
Conclusions: this pathology is the most common parenchymal urinary tract infection in men between the second and fourth decade of life, it represents the most common urological diagnosis in children under 50 years of age and the third most frequent in men over 50 years of age after benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
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References
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12. Su ZT, Zenilman JM, Sfanos KS, Herati AS. Management of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Curr Urol Rep [Internet]. 2020;21(7):29. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11934-020-00978-z
13. Nickel JC, Costerton JW. Bacterial localization in antibiotic-refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis. Prostate [Internet]. 1993;23(2):107–14. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.2990230204
14. Soto SM, Smithson A, Martinez JA, Horcajada JP, Mensa J, Vila J. Biofilm formation in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains: relationship with prostatitis, urovirulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. J Urol [Internet]. 2007;177(1):365–8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.08.081
15. Bartoletti R, Cai T, Nesi G, Albanese S, Meacci F, Mazzoli S, et al. The impact of biofilm-producing bacteria on chronic bacterial prostatitis treatment: results from a longitudinal cohort study. World J Urol [Internet]. 2014;32(3):737–42. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-013-1145-9
16. Lee BB, Simpson JM, Craig JC, Bhuta T. Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2007;(4):CD003265. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003265.pub2
17. Hu W-L, Zhong S-Z, He H-X. Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis with amikacin through anal submucosal injection. Asian J Androl [Internet]. 2002;4(3):163–7. Disponible en: https://europepmc.org/article/med/12364969
18. Toth A, Guercini FM, Feldthouse DM, Zhang JC. Injection therapy for chronic prostatitis: A retrospective analysis of 77 cases. Arch Ital Urol Androl [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 2];90(1):34–9. Disponible en: https://pagepressjournals.org/index.php/aiua/article/view/aiua.2018.1.34
19. Bowen DK, Dielubanza E, Schaeffer AJ. Chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015;2015.
20. Wagenlehner FME, Naber KG. Current challenges in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and prostatitis. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2006;12 Suppl 3:67–80. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01398.x
21. Mendoza-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Chico I, Gutiérrez-Soto B, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Microbial etiology of bacterial chronic prostatitis: systematic review. Rev Esp Quimioter [Internet]. 2023; Disponible en: https://seq.es/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mendoza09jan2023.pdf
22. Pigrau C. Nocosomial urinary tract infections. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin [Internet]. 2013;31(9):614–24. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213005X12004375
23. Vanden Bossche M, Roumeguère T. Prostatitis crónicas: signos, diagnóstico y tratamientos. EMC - Urol [Internet]. 2012;44(2):1–10. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1761331012620234
24. Jiménez-Pacheco A, Jiménez-Pacheco A, Roldán-López M. Estrategias terapéuticas para el tratamiento de la prostatitis crónica/síndrome de dolor pélvico crónico. Rev Int Androl [Internet]. 2016;14(1):19–26. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1698031X15000722
25. Letkiewicz S, Miedzybrodzki R, Fortuna W, Weber-Dabrowska B, Górski A. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis by phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis--case report. Folia Microbiol (Praha) [Internet]. 2009;54(5):457–61. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12223-009-0064-z
26. Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Międzybrodzki R, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Borysowski J, et al. Phage therapy in prostatitis: Recent prospects. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2018;9:1434. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01434
27.Jiménez-Pacheco A, Jiménez-Pacheco A. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a therapeutic challenge. Rev Med Chil [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2023 Mar 2];142(8):1078–9. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0034-98872014000800018&script=sci_arttext
28. Rees J, Abrahams M, Doble A, Cooper A, Prostatitis Expert Reference Group (PERG). Diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a consensus guideline. BJU Int [Internet]. 2015;116(4):509–25. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.13101
29. Doggweiler R, Whitmore KE, Meijlink JM, Drake MJ, Frawley H, Nordling J, et al. A standard for terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes: A report from the chronic pelvic pain working group of the international continence society: Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes. Neurourol Urodyn [Internet]. 2017;36(4):984–1008. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.23072
30. Tenorio C, Mitzuko N. Eyaculación precoz asociado a severidad de la sintomatología en pacientes con diagnóstico de dolor pélvico crónico – prostatitis crónica IIIA/B en una entidad privada especializada en Lima – Perú período de 2019 – 2020. Universidad Ricardo Palma; 2020.
31. Epidemiológicas P, Natural H, Del dolor anorrectal y pélvico D y. M. Diagnóstico y manejo del dolor anorrectal y pélvico [Internet]. Residenciamflapaz.com. [cited 2023 Mar 2]. Disponible en: https://residenciamflapaz.com/Articulos%20Residencia%2017/Diagnostico%20y%20manejo%20del%20dolor%20anorrectal%20y%20pelvico.pdf
32. Mastroianni GN, Cano Busnelli VM, Huespe PE, Dietrich A, Beskow A, de Santibañes M, et al. Cambios en el Programa de Formación Quirúrgica en la era COVID-19. Rev Argent Cir [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 2];112(2):109–18. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S2250-639X2020000200006&script=sci_abstract&tlng=en
33. Agarwal MM, Elsi Sy M. Gabapentenoids in pain management in urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Gabapentin or pregabalin? Neurourol Urodyn [Internet]. 2017;36(8):2028–33. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.23225
34. Doiron RC, Shoskes DA, Nickel JC. Male CP/CPPS: where do we stand? World J Urol [Internet]. 2019;37(6):1015–22. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-019-02718-6
2. Khan FU, Ihsan AU, Khan HU, Jana R, Wazir J, Khongorzul P, et al. Comprehensive overview of prostatitis. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. 2017;94:1064–76. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332217319418
3. Lupaca Q, Luis J. Prevalencia de Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas sp en pacientes con infecciones prostáticas y su sensibilidad a los extractos de tubérculos de Tropaeolum tuberosum (Isaño), Juliaca - 2017. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano; 2018.
4. Repetto E. Relación de prostatitis en la aparición del cáncer de próstata y la hiperplasia benigna prostática. Revista Cubana de Urología [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 2];8(1):22–33. Disponible en: https://revurologia.sld.cu/index.php/rcu/article/view/502
5. Puerta Suárez J, Cardona Maya W. Prostatitis: revisión de una patología enigmática y su relación con la fertilidad masculina. Rev Urol Colomb / Colomb Urol J [Internet]. 2018;27(03):233–42. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656520
6. Anguera JMG-A. Tratamiento de las prostatitis. Información terapéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2023 Mar 2];29(6):145–51. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2037679
7. Rodríguez-López MR, Baluja-Conde IB, Bermúdez-Velásquez S. Patologías benignas de la próstata: prostatitis e hiperplasia benigna. REVISTA BIOMÉDICA [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2023 Mar 2];18(1):47–59. Disponible en: https://www.revistabiomedica.mx/index.php/revbiomed/article/view/475
8. Aafp.org. [cited 2023 Mar 2]. Disponible en: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0815/p397
9. Paglia M, Peterson J, Fisher AC, Qin Z, Nicholson SC, Kahn JB. Safety and efficacy of levofloxacin 750 mg for 2 weeks or 3 weeks compared with levofloxacin 500 mg for 4 weeks in treating chronic bacterial prostatitis. Curr Med Res Opin [Internet]. 2010;26(6):1433–41. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/03007991003795030
10. Zhanel GG, Zhanel MA, Karlowsky JA. Oral fosfomycin for the treatment of acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 2];2018:1404813. Disponible en: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cjidmm/2018/1404813/
11. Demonchy E, Courjon J, Ughetto E, Durand M, Risso K, Garraffo R, et al. Cefoxitin-based antibiotic therapy for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae prostatitis: a prospective pilot study. Int J Antimicrob Agents [Internet]. 2018;51(6):836–41. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857918300116
12. Su ZT, Zenilman JM, Sfanos KS, Herati AS. Management of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Curr Urol Rep [Internet]. 2020;21(7):29. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11934-020-00978-z
13. Nickel JC, Costerton JW. Bacterial localization in antibiotic-refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis. Prostate [Internet]. 1993;23(2):107–14. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.2990230204
14. Soto SM, Smithson A, Martinez JA, Horcajada JP, Mensa J, Vila J. Biofilm formation in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains: relationship with prostatitis, urovirulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. J Urol [Internet]. 2007;177(1):365–8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.08.081
15. Bartoletti R, Cai T, Nesi G, Albanese S, Meacci F, Mazzoli S, et al. The impact of biofilm-producing bacteria on chronic bacterial prostatitis treatment: results from a longitudinal cohort study. World J Urol [Internet]. 2014;32(3):737–42. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-013-1145-9
16. Lee BB, Simpson JM, Craig JC, Bhuta T. Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2007;(4):CD003265. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003265.pub2
17. Hu W-L, Zhong S-Z, He H-X. Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis with amikacin through anal submucosal injection. Asian J Androl [Internet]. 2002;4(3):163–7. Disponible en: https://europepmc.org/article/med/12364969
18. Toth A, Guercini FM, Feldthouse DM, Zhang JC. Injection therapy for chronic prostatitis: A retrospective analysis of 77 cases. Arch Ital Urol Androl [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 2];90(1):34–9. Disponible en: https://pagepressjournals.org/index.php/aiua/article/view/aiua.2018.1.34
19. Bowen DK, Dielubanza E, Schaeffer AJ. Chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015;2015.
20. Wagenlehner FME, Naber KG. Current challenges in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and prostatitis. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2006;12 Suppl 3:67–80. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01398.x
21. Mendoza-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Chico I, Gutiérrez-Soto B, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Microbial etiology of bacterial chronic prostatitis: systematic review. Rev Esp Quimioter [Internet]. 2023; Disponible en: https://seq.es/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mendoza09jan2023.pdf
22. Pigrau C. Nocosomial urinary tract infections. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin [Internet]. 2013;31(9):614–24. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213005X12004375
23. Vanden Bossche M, Roumeguère T. Prostatitis crónicas: signos, diagnóstico y tratamientos. EMC - Urol [Internet]. 2012;44(2):1–10. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1761331012620234
24. Jiménez-Pacheco A, Jiménez-Pacheco A, Roldán-López M. Estrategias terapéuticas para el tratamiento de la prostatitis crónica/síndrome de dolor pélvico crónico. Rev Int Androl [Internet]. 2016;14(1):19–26. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1698031X15000722
25. Letkiewicz S, Miedzybrodzki R, Fortuna W, Weber-Dabrowska B, Górski A. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis by phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis--case report. Folia Microbiol (Praha) [Internet]. 2009;54(5):457–61. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12223-009-0064-z
26. Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Międzybrodzki R, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Borysowski J, et al. Phage therapy in prostatitis: Recent prospects. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2018;9:1434. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01434
27.Jiménez-Pacheco A, Jiménez-Pacheco A. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a therapeutic challenge. Rev Med Chil [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2023 Mar 2];142(8):1078–9. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0034-98872014000800018&script=sci_arttext
28. Rees J, Abrahams M, Doble A, Cooper A, Prostatitis Expert Reference Group (PERG). Diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a consensus guideline. BJU Int [Internet]. 2015;116(4):509–25. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.13101
29. Doggweiler R, Whitmore KE, Meijlink JM, Drake MJ, Frawley H, Nordling J, et al. A standard for terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes: A report from the chronic pelvic pain working group of the international continence society: Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes. Neurourol Urodyn [Internet]. 2017;36(4):984–1008. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.23072
30. Tenorio C, Mitzuko N. Eyaculación precoz asociado a severidad de la sintomatología en pacientes con diagnóstico de dolor pélvico crónico – prostatitis crónica IIIA/B en una entidad privada especializada en Lima – Perú período de 2019 – 2020. Universidad Ricardo Palma; 2020.
31. Epidemiológicas P, Natural H, Del dolor anorrectal y pélvico D y. M. Diagnóstico y manejo del dolor anorrectal y pélvico [Internet]. Residenciamflapaz.com. [cited 2023 Mar 2]. Disponible en: https://residenciamflapaz.com/Articulos%20Residencia%2017/Diagnostico%20y%20manejo%20del%20dolor%20anorrectal%20y%20pelvico.pdf
32. Mastroianni GN, Cano Busnelli VM, Huespe PE, Dietrich A, Beskow A, de Santibañes M, et al. Cambios en el Programa de Formación Quirúrgica en la era COVID-19. Rev Argent Cir [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 2];112(2):109–18. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S2250-639X2020000200006&script=sci_abstract&tlng=en
33. Agarwal MM, Elsi Sy M. Gabapentenoids in pain management in urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Gabapentin or pregabalin? Neurourol Urodyn [Internet]. 2017;36(8):2028–33. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.23225
34. Doiron RC, Shoskes DA, Nickel JC. Male CP/CPPS: where do we stand? World J Urol [Internet]. 2019;37(6):1015–22. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-019-02718-6
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Published
2023-04-20
How to Cite
1.
Carrillo Quisnia ID, Cocha Chicaiza ES, Romero Paredes GC, Supe Chancay KS. Update on clinical, epidemiologic and diagnostic aspects of prostatitis. Univ. Méd. Pinareña [Internet]. 2023 Apr. 20 [cited 2025 Apr. 19];19:e953. Available from: https://revgaleno.sld.cu/index.php/ump/article/view/953
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