Oral manifestations in older adults due to nutritional deficit
Keywords:
MALNUTRITION, ORAL HEALTH, ANGING, ELDERLY.Abstract
Introduction: the nutritional health of the elderly is of great importance, affecting their oral health and, therefore, their quality of life.
Objective: to identify oral manifestations in older adults with nutritional deficiency.
Methods: a bibliographic review was made of the main scientific articles of the last years, present in the Pubmed, Lilacs, Scimago, Scielo databases. The use of search terms made it possible to obtain the 33 articles that gave rise to the present bibliographic review.
Development: xerostomia, stomatitis and oral mucosal lesions, glossitis, oral candidiasis and periodontal disease were identified as the main oral manifestations present in older adults due to nutritional deficiency. There are several factors involved in their appearance, among them the patient's own physical changes, accompanied by dietary changes. Poor nutrition was associated with a significant reduction in immunity, increasing vulnerability to these diseases.
Conclusions: it is essential that health personnel have knowledge of these manifestations, since they allow detecting the presence of nutritional alterations in this vulnerable population group, which guarantees an adequate management of this condition. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen their capacity to know these manifestations, allowing them to orient strategies aimed at improving the quality of life of the population.
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References
1. Iglesias L, Bermejo JC, Vivas Á, León R, Villacieros M. Estado nutricional y factores relacionados con la desnutrición en una residencia de ancianos. Gerokomos [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 31(2): 76-80. Disponible en:
http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1134-928X2020000200004&lng=es
2. Fernández Aucapiña NY, Urgiles León SJ. Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de una parroquia rural de Ecuador durante la pandemia COVID-19. Revista Conrado [Internet]. 2023 [citado 23/06/24]; 19(S1): 155-6. Disponible en: https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/3114
3. Kotronia E, Brown H, Papacosta O, et al. Oral health problems and risk of incident disability in two studies of older adults in the United Kingdom and the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 70(7): 2080- 2092. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17792
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5. Henao-Castaño AM, Fajardo-Ramos E, Nuñez-Rodriguez ML. Estado nutricional del adulto mayor jubilado que forma parte a un grupo de apoyo. Rev. cienc. cuidad [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 19(2): 8-17. Disponible en: https://revistas.ufps.edu.co/index.php/cienciaycuidado/article/view/3240
6. Gondivkar SM, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar RS, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S, et al. Nutrition and oral health. Dis Mon [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 65(6): 147-154. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.09.009
7. Rahman N, Walls A. Chapter 12: Nutrient Deficiencies and Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 28: 114-124. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1159/000455379
8. Pflipsen M, Zenchenko Y. Nutrition for oral health and oral manifestations of poor nutrition and unhealthy habits. Gen Dent [Internet]. 2017 Nov-Dec [citado 23/06/24]; 65(6): 36-43. Disponible en: https://agd.org/docs/default-source/self-instruction-(gendent)/gendent_nd17_aafp_pflipsen.pdf
9. Fonseca González Z, Quesada Font AJ, Meireles Ochoa MY, Cabrera Rodríguez E, Boada Estrada AM. La malnutrición; problema de salud pública de escala mundial. Multimed [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 24(1): 237-246. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1028-48182020000100237&lng=es
10. Hernández Galiot A, Pontes Torrado Y, Goñi Cambrodón I. Riesgo de malnutrición en una población mayor de 75 años no institucionalizada con autonomía funcional. Nutr. Hosp. [Internet]. 2015 [citado 23/06/24]; 32(3): 1184-1192. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9176
11. Chavarro-Carvajal DA, Borda Miguel G, Núñez N, Sarmiento DC, Sánchez-Villalobos S, Rozo Nicolás R. Factores asociados al estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados. Acta Med Colomb [Internet]. 2018 [citado 23/06/24]; 43(2): 69-73. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-24482018000200069&lng=en
12. Salgado-Palacios IR, Herrera-Fajardo L, Sallago-Vidal M, Lagomazzini-Mellado B. Asociación entre desnutrición y anciano. SANUM [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 6(1): 42-51 Disponible en: https://www.revhipertension.com/rlh_5_2018/factores_que_afectan_el_estado.pdf
13. Montejano Lozoya AR, Ferrer Diego RM, Clemente Marín G, Martínez-Alzamora N, Sanjuan Quiles Á, Ferrer Ferrándiz E. Factores asociados al riesgo nutricional en adultos mayores autónomos no institucionalizados. Nutr. Hosp [Internet]. 2014 [citado 23/06/24]; 30(4): 858-869. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2014.30.4.7829
14. Delgado Azañero W. Salud Bucal: Adulto y adulto mayor [Internet]. Fundación Instituto Hipolito; 2018 [citado 23/06/24]. Disponible en: http://www.fihu.org.pe/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Revista-57-N-1-14-21.pdf
15. Torrecilla-Venegas R, Castro-Gutiérrez I. Efectos del envejecimiento en la cavidad bucal. 16 de Abril [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 59 (278): e819. Disponible en: http://www.rev16deabril.sld.cu/index.php/16_4/article/view/819
16. Hujoel PP, Lingström P. Nutrition, dental caries and periodontal disease: a narrative review. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2017 [citado 23/06/24]; 44 (Suppl 18): S79-S84. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12672
17. Jayasinghe TN, Harrass S, Erdrich S, King S, Eberhard J. Protein Intake and Oral Health in Older Adults-A Narrative Review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 14(21): 4478. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214478
18. Khoury C, Samot J, Helmer C. The association between oral health and nutritional status in older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 22: 499. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03133-0
19. Gasparro R. Age-Related Oral and Systemic Disorders. Appl. Sci [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 12: 11583. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211583
20. Kossioni AE. The Association of Poor Oral Health Parameters with Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Review Considering the Potential Implications for Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients [Internet]. 2018 [citado 23/06/24]; 10(11): 1709. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111709
21. Azzolino D, Passarelli PC, De Angelis P, Piccirillo GB, D'Addona A, Cesari M. Poor Oral Health as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 11(12): 2898. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122898.
22. O'Connor JP, Milledge KL, O'Leary F, Cumming R, Eberhard J, Hirani V. Poor dietary intake of nutrients and food groups are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic literature review. Nutr Rev [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 78(2): 175-188. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz035
23. Bozdemir E, Yilmaz HH, Orhan H. Oral mucosal lesions and risk factors in elderly dental patients. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 13(1): 24-30. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.004
24. Harris Ricardo J, Fang-Mercado L, Herrera Herrera A, Castrillón Díaz D, Guzmán Ruiz M, Del Río González T. Lesiones orales, alteraciones sistémicas y patrón nutricional de adultos mayores en Cartagena, Colombia. Av Odontoestomatol [Internet]. 2017 [citado 23/06/24]; 33(6): 275-282. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0213-12852017000600003&lng=es
25. Björnwall A, Mattsson Sydner Y, Koochek A, Neuman N. Eating Alone or Together among Community-Living Older People-A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021 [citado 23/06/24]; 18(7): 3495. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073495
26. Norman K, Haß U, Pirlich M. Malnutrition in Older Adults-Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 [citado 23/06/24]; 13(8): 2764. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764
27. de Sire A, Ferrillo M, Lippi L, Agostini F, de Sire R, Ferrara PE, et al. Sarcopenic Dysphagia, Malnutrition, and Oral Frailty in Elderly: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 Feb [citado 23/06/24]; 14(5): 982. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050982
28. Iwasaki M, Hirano H, Ohara Y, Motokawa K. The association of oral function with dietary intake and nutritional status among older adults: Latest evidence from epidemiological studies. Jpn Dent Sci Rev [Internet]. 2021 [citado 23/06/24]; 57:128-137. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.07.002
29. Hiratsuka T, Komiyama T, Ohi T, Tanji F, Tomata Y, Tsuji I, et al. Contribution of systemic inflammation and nutritional status to the relationship between tooth loss and mortality in a community-dwelling older Japanese population: a mediation analysis of data from the Tsurugaya project. Clin Oral Investig [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 24(6): 2071-2077. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03072-y
30. Logan D, McEvoy CT, McKenna G, Kee F, Linden G, Woodside JV. Association between oral health status and future dietary intake and diet quality in older men: The PRIME study. J Dent [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 92: 103265. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103265
31. Wang Y, Zhang L, Jin S, Li H, Gong L, Wang Y, et al. Swallowing functional outcomes and nutritional status in head and neck cancer radiotherapy: longitudinal study. BMJ Support Palliat Care [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 10(4): 452-461. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002216
32. Maeda K, Ishida Y, Nonogaki T, Shimizu A, Yamanaka Y, Matsuyama R, et al. Development and Predictors of Sarcopenic Dysphagia during Hospitalization of Older Adults. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 12(1): 70. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010070
33. Zumbo G, Costacurta M, Zara F, Pranno N, Ceravolo M, Covello F, et al. Diet Implications and Oral Health Status of Women in Central Italy. Eur J Dent [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 16(3): 557-563. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735906
http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1134-928X2020000200004&lng=es
2. Fernández Aucapiña NY, Urgiles León SJ. Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de una parroquia rural de Ecuador durante la pandemia COVID-19. Revista Conrado [Internet]. 2023 [citado 23/06/24]; 19(S1): 155-6. Disponible en: https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/3114
3. Kotronia E, Brown H, Papacosta O, et al. Oral health problems and risk of incident disability in two studies of older adults in the United Kingdom and the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 70(7): 2080- 2092. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17792
4. Ramírez-Barrios A, Labrador-Falero DM, González-Méndez FR. Salud oral y estado nutricional en adultos mayores no institucionalizados. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 26(5): e5441. Disponible en: http://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/5441
5. Henao-Castaño AM, Fajardo-Ramos E, Nuñez-Rodriguez ML. Estado nutricional del adulto mayor jubilado que forma parte a un grupo de apoyo. Rev. cienc. cuidad [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 19(2): 8-17. Disponible en: https://revistas.ufps.edu.co/index.php/cienciaycuidado/article/view/3240
6. Gondivkar SM, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar RS, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S, et al. Nutrition and oral health. Dis Mon [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 65(6): 147-154. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2018.09.009
7. Rahman N, Walls A. Chapter 12: Nutrient Deficiencies and Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 28: 114-124. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1159/000455379
8. Pflipsen M, Zenchenko Y. Nutrition for oral health and oral manifestations of poor nutrition and unhealthy habits. Gen Dent [Internet]. 2017 Nov-Dec [citado 23/06/24]; 65(6): 36-43. Disponible en: https://agd.org/docs/default-source/self-instruction-(gendent)/gendent_nd17_aafp_pflipsen.pdf
9. Fonseca González Z, Quesada Font AJ, Meireles Ochoa MY, Cabrera Rodríguez E, Boada Estrada AM. La malnutrición; problema de salud pública de escala mundial. Multimed [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 24(1): 237-246. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1028-48182020000100237&lng=es
10. Hernández Galiot A, Pontes Torrado Y, Goñi Cambrodón I. Riesgo de malnutrición en una población mayor de 75 años no institucionalizada con autonomía funcional. Nutr. Hosp. [Internet]. 2015 [citado 23/06/24]; 32(3): 1184-1192. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9176
11. Chavarro-Carvajal DA, Borda Miguel G, Núñez N, Sarmiento DC, Sánchez-Villalobos S, Rozo Nicolás R. Factores asociados al estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados. Acta Med Colomb [Internet]. 2018 [citado 23/06/24]; 43(2): 69-73. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-24482018000200069&lng=en
12. Salgado-Palacios IR, Herrera-Fajardo L, Sallago-Vidal M, Lagomazzini-Mellado B. Asociación entre desnutrición y anciano. SANUM [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 6(1): 42-51 Disponible en: https://www.revhipertension.com/rlh_5_2018/factores_que_afectan_el_estado.pdf
13. Montejano Lozoya AR, Ferrer Diego RM, Clemente Marín G, Martínez-Alzamora N, Sanjuan Quiles Á, Ferrer Ferrándiz E. Factores asociados al riesgo nutricional en adultos mayores autónomos no institucionalizados. Nutr. Hosp [Internet]. 2014 [citado 23/06/24]; 30(4): 858-869. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2014.30.4.7829
14. Delgado Azañero W. Salud Bucal: Adulto y adulto mayor [Internet]. Fundación Instituto Hipolito; 2018 [citado 23/06/24]. Disponible en: http://www.fihu.org.pe/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Revista-57-N-1-14-21.pdf
15. Torrecilla-Venegas R, Castro-Gutiérrez I. Efectos del envejecimiento en la cavidad bucal. 16 de Abril [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 59 (278): e819. Disponible en: http://www.rev16deabril.sld.cu/index.php/16_4/article/view/819
16. Hujoel PP, Lingström P. Nutrition, dental caries and periodontal disease: a narrative review. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2017 [citado 23/06/24]; 44 (Suppl 18): S79-S84. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12672
17. Jayasinghe TN, Harrass S, Erdrich S, King S, Eberhard J. Protein Intake and Oral Health in Older Adults-A Narrative Review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 14(21): 4478. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214478
18. Khoury C, Samot J, Helmer C. The association between oral health and nutritional status in older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 22: 499. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03133-0
19. Gasparro R. Age-Related Oral and Systemic Disorders. Appl. Sci [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 12: 11583. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211583
20. Kossioni AE. The Association of Poor Oral Health Parameters with Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Review Considering the Potential Implications for Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients [Internet]. 2018 [citado 23/06/24]; 10(11): 1709. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111709
21. Azzolino D, Passarelli PC, De Angelis P, Piccirillo GB, D'Addona A, Cesari M. Poor Oral Health as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 11(12): 2898. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122898.
22. O'Connor JP, Milledge KL, O'Leary F, Cumming R, Eberhard J, Hirani V. Poor dietary intake of nutrients and food groups are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic literature review. Nutr Rev [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 78(2): 175-188. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz035
23. Bozdemir E, Yilmaz HH, Orhan H. Oral mucosal lesions and risk factors in elderly dental patients. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 13(1): 24-30. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.004
24. Harris Ricardo J, Fang-Mercado L, Herrera Herrera A, Castrillón Díaz D, Guzmán Ruiz M, Del Río González T. Lesiones orales, alteraciones sistémicas y patrón nutricional de adultos mayores en Cartagena, Colombia. Av Odontoestomatol [Internet]. 2017 [citado 23/06/24]; 33(6): 275-282. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0213-12852017000600003&lng=es
25. Björnwall A, Mattsson Sydner Y, Koochek A, Neuman N. Eating Alone or Together among Community-Living Older People-A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021 [citado 23/06/24]; 18(7): 3495. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073495
26. Norman K, Haß U, Pirlich M. Malnutrition in Older Adults-Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 [citado 23/06/24]; 13(8): 2764. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764
27. de Sire A, Ferrillo M, Lippi L, Agostini F, de Sire R, Ferrara PE, et al. Sarcopenic Dysphagia, Malnutrition, and Oral Frailty in Elderly: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 Feb [citado 23/06/24]; 14(5): 982. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050982
28. Iwasaki M, Hirano H, Ohara Y, Motokawa K. The association of oral function with dietary intake and nutritional status among older adults: Latest evidence from epidemiological studies. Jpn Dent Sci Rev [Internet]. 2021 [citado 23/06/24]; 57:128-137. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.07.002
29. Hiratsuka T, Komiyama T, Ohi T, Tanji F, Tomata Y, Tsuji I, et al. Contribution of systemic inflammation and nutritional status to the relationship between tooth loss and mortality in a community-dwelling older Japanese population: a mediation analysis of data from the Tsurugaya project. Clin Oral Investig [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 24(6): 2071-2077. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03072-y
30. Logan D, McEvoy CT, McKenna G, Kee F, Linden G, Woodside JV. Association between oral health status and future dietary intake and diet quality in older men: The PRIME study. J Dent [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 92: 103265. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103265
31. Wang Y, Zhang L, Jin S, Li H, Gong L, Wang Y, et al. Swallowing functional outcomes and nutritional status in head and neck cancer radiotherapy: longitudinal study. BMJ Support Palliat Care [Internet]. 2020 [citado 23/06/24]; 10(4): 452-461. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002216
32. Maeda K, Ishida Y, Nonogaki T, Shimizu A, Yamanaka Y, Matsuyama R, et al. Development and Predictors of Sarcopenic Dysphagia during Hospitalization of Older Adults. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 [citado 23/06/24]; 12(1): 70. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010070
33. Zumbo G, Costacurta M, Zara F, Pranno N, Ceravolo M, Covello F, et al. Diet Implications and Oral Health Status of Women in Central Italy. Eur J Dent [Internet]. 2022 [citado 23/06/24]; 16(3): 557-563. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735906
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Published
2024-08-16
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1.
Sánchez-Sandoval PA, Suarez-Andrade NC, Reyes-Espinoza LK. Oral manifestations in older adults due to nutritional deficit. Univ. Méd. Pinareña [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 16 [cited 2025 Apr. 20];20:e1173. Available from: https://revgaleno.sld.cu/index.php/ump/article/view/1173
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