Recent advances in Sweet's syndrome: differential diagnosis, triggering factors and therapeutic options
Keywords:
Síndrome de Sweet; Dermatosis neutrofílica; Diagnóstico diferencial; Factores desencadenantes; Opciones terapéuticas., Sweet's syndrome; Neutrophilic dermatosis; Differential diagnosis; Triggering factors; Therapeutic options.Abstract
Introduction: sweet's syndrome is an uncommon acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful skin lesions, fever and leukocytosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve patient prognosis.
Objective: to examine current advances in differential diagnosis, triggering factors and therapeutic alternatives for Sweet's syndrome, based on recent scientific evidence.
Methods: systematized bibliographic review including articles indexed in PubMed, BVS and SciELO published between 2021-2024. PRISMA methodology was applied, identifying 2444 initial records, eliminating 189 duplicates, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria resulting in 18 high-quality articles for final analysis.
Results: sweet's syndrome shows higher incidence in women between 30-60 years (4:1 ratio). Association with hematologic malignancies, autoimmune diseases, infections and drug reactions was identified. Emerging evidence documents cases related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, especially after the first dose. Systemic corticosteroids constitute first-line treatment, with effective alternatives such as colchicine and dapsone in refractory cases.
Conclusions: accurate differential diagnosis and early treatment are essential for Sweet's syndrome management. Current evidence highlights the importance of recognizing triggering factors and optimizing alternative treatments in resistant cases. The potential association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination requires additional research to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms.
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